Clarin mcfadden biography of albert
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Antisemitismu
L'antisemitismu[1] fai referencia a la hostilidá escontra los xudíos basada nuna combinación de prexuicios de tipu relixosu, racial, cultural y étnicu.[2] En sentíu acutáu, l'antisemitismu referir a la hostilidá escontra los xudíos, definíos como una raza, non como un grupu relixosu, concepción moderna que surdiría a mediaos del sieglu XIX como una derivación del racismu y del nacionalismu, estremándose asina del "antisemitismu relixoso" anterior que dellos historiadores prefieren llamar antixudaísmu, que la so espresión más desenvuelta sería los antixudaísmu cristianu.
L'antisemitismu puede manifestase de munches formes, como odiu o discriminación individuales, ataques de grupos nucleados con dichu propósitu, o inclusive la violencia policial o estatal.
La nacencia del términu "antisemitismu" nel sieglu XIX
[editar | editar la fonte]Anque la etimoloxía del términu antisemitismu podría dar a entender que se trata d'un prexuiciu contra los pueblos semites polo xeneral, el términu utilizar en forma esclusiva pa referise a la hostilidá contra los xudíos. Col fin d'evitar tracamundios en referencia a otros pueblos que falen llingües semítiques, dellos autores[4] prefieren l'usu de términos equivalentes non ambiguos, como
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Abstract
Although perhaps best known for their use in developmental studies, over the last couple of decades, zebrafish have become increasingly popular model organisms for investigating auditory system function and disease. Like mammals, zebrafish possess inner ear mechanosensory hair cells required for hearing, as well as superficial hair cells of the lateral line sensory system, which mediate detection of directional water flow. Complementing mammalian studies, zebrafish have been used to gain significant insights into many facets of hair cell biology, including mechanotransduction and synaptic physiology as well as mechanisms of both hereditary and acquired hair cell dysfunction. Here, we provide an overview of this literature, highlighting some of the particular advantages of using zebrafish to investigate hearing and hearing loss.
Keywords: lateral line system, auditory system, mechanosensation, hearing loss
INTRODUCTION
Hearing loss is extremely common in the United States, affecting nearly 1 in 4 individuals over the age of 12 (Goman and Lin 2016). Not only is it pervasive, hearing loss often affects high-frequency hearing first, a pattern that is particularly problematic for communication. Since consonant speech sounds (e.g., “s”) have higher frequencies, with
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